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Unit 6: International Instruments of Cyber Crimes
6.1 UN Mechanism: United Nations Convention Against Cybercrime, 2024
The newest-treaty (the UN’s-own): the adoption’s (the UNGA’s-2024-December’s (the decades-process’s (the Russia-draft’s-vs-the-US-position’s (the politics’-line’s (the exam’s-context))))); The content’s: the criminalisation’s (the core-offences’ (the access-and-the-interference (the fraud’s (the CSAM’s-and-the-grooming’s (the theft’s)))); the procedure’s (the expedited-preservation’s (the real-time-collection’s (the cross-border’s (the 24/7-network’s)))); the cooperation’s (the MLAT’s-strengthened (the spontaneous’s (the data’s-conditions’s))); The critiques’: the human-rights’-concerns (the surveillance’s (the NGO’s-opposition (the safeguards’-weakness-claim)); the spyware-and-the-security-industry’s-faces; the ratification’s-future’s (the 40-need’s (the uncertain’s)); The Nepal’s-position (the honest-note): the observer’s (the accession’s-question (the Budapest-vs-the-UN’s-choice’s (the 6.2’s-comparison))));
6.2 European Mechanism: Budapest Convention on Cyber Crimes, 2001
The pioneer-treaty: the CoE’s-2001 (the first-binding (the international’s-anchor (the 2000s’-era’s-arrival))); The pillars’ (the exam’s-list): the criminalisation’s (the four-offence-family (the confidentiality-and-the-access (the computer-fraud-and-the-forgery (the content’s (the child-and-the-racism’s) (the infringement’s)))); the procedure’s (the expedited’s (the production-orders (the real-time’s (the interconnection-traffic’s)))); the cooperation’s (the mutual’s (the 24/7-points (the cross-border-access’s-questions’s))); the protocols’ (the 2003’s-racism’s (the 2022’s-second (the e-evidence’s (the direct-provider-orders’s (the sovereignty’s-tension’s))))); The parties’: the global-beyond-Europe (the 70-plus’s (the non-CoE’s-accessions’s)); The Nepal’s-position (the honest-record): the not-a-party (the accession’s-long-debated (the benefits’-vs-the-obligations’s (the CDR-and-the-MLAT’s-questions’s))); the South-Asian-face’s (the India’s-accession’s (the region’s-lead’s));
6.3 Regional Mechanisms: African Union Convention on Cyber Security and Personal Data Protection, 2014
The Malabo’s:
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