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Unit 4: Data Analysis and Interpretation
4.1 Preparing the Data
- Organize — label returns, transcribe interviews, type field-notes; keep the raw data safe.
- Clean — incomplete questionnaires (record the exclusion rate), transcription checks.
- Code — qualitative data: tags for recurring ideas (fear of retaliation; fee barriers; delay). Quantitative: enter into a spreadsheet with one variable per column.
4.2 Quantitative Analysis (the Numbers)
- Descriptive: frequencies (how many knew the remedy?), percentages, averages, cross-tabs (awareness by education level).
- Presentation: simple tables and honest charts — bar for categories, line for time.
- Inference (lightly): patterns and associations stated carefully — “reporting rose with proximity to the office” — without pretending to laboratory certainty. A law-seminar paper needs sound description more than advanced statistics.
| Rule | Wrong | Right |
|---|---|---|
| Base | “Most said…” (n=?) | 68% of the 75 respondents |
| Comparison | “Twice as many” | 40% vs 20% of the same base |
| Causation | “Education caused awareness” |
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