Unit 3: Major Activities of Organized Criminal Groups
3.1 Drug Trafficking
The market’s structure: the cultivation-and-production zones (the golden crescent; the golden triangle), the transit corridors, the destination markets — Nepal’s position: the transit-and-local-cultivation faces (the cannabis-and-hashish economy’s hill districts; the synthetic drugs’ urban rise). The Nepali law: the Narcotic Drugs (Control) Act 2033 — the offences’ ladder (the possession, the sale, the trafficking; the quantity-based gradations), the addicts’ treatment faces (the reform-and-punishment balance). The prescribed cases (cited verbatim with the syllabus’s own annotations): Dhana Kumari Sitaula v. Government of Nepal (NKP 2066 B.S., Vol. 11, D.No. 8269) — the drug case on the onus of proof (the prosecution’s-and-accused’s burdens in the drug offences — read the report for the precise ratio); and Arjun Lamsal alias Dinesh Aale v. Government of Nepal (NKP 2078 B.S., Vol. 4, D.No. 10668) — the organised crime: narcotic drug case (the organised dimension’s judicial treatment — the honest note applies). The international frame: the 1961 Single Convention, the 1971 psychotropic convention, the 1988 convention (the precursor controls); the UNODC’s world drug reports’ economics.
3.2 Human Trafficking
The faces: the sex trafficking; the labour trafficking (the forced work — the migrant workers’ deception cases); the organ trade’s darker corners; the child trafficking (the-orphanage-industry’s faces). The Nepal reality: the origin-and-transit position (the open border; the destination reports — the gulf-and-India corridors); the Foreign Employment Act’s interplay (the recruitment fraud — the labour law interface). The law: the Human Trafficking and Transportation (Control) Act 2064 — the offence’s definitions (the trafficking, the transportation, the harbouring), the aggravated faces (the child, the organised), the victim’s protections (the rehabilitation, the compensation), the punishment’s ladder. The international frame: the Palermo Protocol (the definition’s global standard); the SAARC convention on trafficking (the regional cooperation’s instrument).
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