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Unit 3: E-Commerce and Consumer Protection
3.1 Meaning, Scope and Classification of E-Commerce
The meaning: the commerce’s-electronic (the goods-and-services’ online-transaction (the digital-channel’s (the website’s-and-the-app’s (the platform’s)))); The scope: the B2B (the business-to-business (the supply-chains’)); the B2C (the consumer’s (the retail’s (the Daraz-type-marketplace’s))); the C2C (the peer’s (the OLX-type’s)); the B2G/C2G (the government’s (the e-procurement’s (the law’s-procurement-faces))); the D2C-and-the-social-commerce (the newest-faces (the livestream’s (the influencer’s))); The classification’s-axes’ (the exam’s-list): the parties’ (the above); the object’s (the physical-goods (the digital-goods (the services))); the device’s (the web (the mobile (the IoT’s-frontier)));
3.2 Digital Signature and Electronic Signature
- The electronic-signature’s-general: the broad-concept (the any-electronic-verification (the intent’s-and-the-attribution’s (the click-wrap’s (the OTP’s (the biometric’s)))));
- The digital-signature’s-technical (the narrow): the PKI’s (the public-and-private-keys (the cryptography’s (the hash’s-and-the-encrypt’s (the tamper-evidence’s)))); the certificate’s (the third-party’s-vouching (the certification-authority’s (the CA’s)));
- The law’s-Nepal (the ETA-2063’s): the recognition’s (the electronic-record’s-validity (the signature’s-equivalence (the “where-any-law-requires” the satisfaction’s))); the Controller’s (the Office of the Controller of Certification (OCC) (the CA’s-licensing-and-the-supervision (the U7.1.2’s))); the licensed-CA’s (the Nepal’s-PKI’s (the signature-certificate’s (the usage’s (the government-systems’ (the e-procurement’s-and-the-tax-filing’s)))));
- The functions’: the integrity’s (the non-repudiation’s (the “cannot-deny” (the evidence’s-strength (the U2.5’s-bridge)))); the authentication’s (the identity’s-proof);
3.3 Concept and Modes of Online Payment System
- The cards’: the debit-and-credit (the network’s (the acquiring-and-the-issuing (the chargeback’s-face (the CPA’s-companion (the LAW5505-U’s)))));
- The e-wallets’: the prepaid’s (the QR’s (the in-app’s (the eSewa-Khalti-type’s (the Nepal’s-dominance’s (the interoperability’s-arrival))));
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