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Unit 11: International Sea Bed Authority
11.1 Decline of Common Heritage of Deep Ocean Resources
The CHM’s-peak (the Pardo-1967 (the common-heritage-proclaimed (the Art-136 (the Area-and-its-resources-the-common-heritage-of-mankind (the no-appropriation (the no-sovereignty (the benefit-sharing (the peaceful (the mankind’s-whole (the exam’s-CHM-quintet)))))))))))); The decline’s-story (the why (the ideology’s (the 1980s’-the-neoliberal-turn (the Reagan’s-refusal (the 1982-voted-against (the US-and-the-UK-and-the-Germany (the part-XI-rejected (the enterprise-the-technology-transfer-the-production-limits (the developed’s-objections (the conference-left (the exam’s-1980s’-context)))))))))); the 1994’s-implementation-agreement (the part-XI-overhauled (the Enterprise-deferred (the mandatory-transfer-out (the production-limits-out (the review-conference-out (the mining-code-the-market-based (the sponsoring-state’s (the 1994’s-concessions (the CHM-the-hollowed (the exam’s-critical-thesis: the heritage-the-principle (the “the-practice-the-privatised” (the “the-parallel-development’s-failure” (the nodule-economics (the nickel-price-fall (the never-profitable (the mine-the-none (the licences-issued (the exploration-the-only (the exploitation-still-awaiting (the regulations-in-draft (the “the-2020s’-the-exploitation-rules” (the honest-hedge (the negotiations-continuing (the “the-CHM’s-test-pending”))))))))))))))))))))))));
11.2 Exploration and Exploitation of Deep Ocean Resources
The resources (the Art-133 (the nodules-sulphides-crusts (the three-regulated (the nodules-1982 (the sulphides-2010 (the crusts-2012 (the regulations’ (the three-mining-codes (the exam’s-trio))))))); The system’s (the Arts-150-155 (the parallel-system (the half-the-Enterprise (the reserved-sites (the Art-8-Annex-III (the 15-years’-transfer (the Enterprise-the-first-15 (the 1994-gutted (the “the-joint-ventures-instead” (the exam’s-parallel’s-evolution)))))))) — the application’s (the sponsored (the state-sponsors-the-entity (the sponsoring-state’s-duty (the ITLOS-2011-Advisory (the due-diligence (the best-efforts (the 153-4’s-responsibility (the exam’s-2011-cite: the “the-seabed-disputes'” (the Responsibilities-and-Obligations-of-Sponsoring-States (the “the-Nauru-and-the-others-prompted” (the names-only)))))))))); the fees-and-the-sharing (the application-fees (the royalty (the Art-82’s-shelf-royalty (the beyond-200-the-payments (the Isa-distributed (the developing-the-priority (the 82-4’s (the exam’s-82-text)))))); the 2023′-the-BBNJ (the beyond-national-jurisdiction (the biodiversity (the 2023-adopted (the high-seas-protected-areas (the CHM’s-revival-question (the BBNJ-the-Isa’s-adjacent (the exam’s-newest-cite: the BBNJ-2023 (the in-force-pending (the honest-current))))));
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